短文改错

一、考点聚焦

    1、题型特点

    （1）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。

（2）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。

（3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理、判断等。

二、应试技巧点拨

    （1）通读全文，了解文章主旨大意，确定文章的题材、体裁，把握文章的背景知识。

（2）逐句分析，把握结构。粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。 

（3）逐行修改，先易后难。

（4）复读全文，验证答案。一要注意错误点的分散与比例，二要注意答题是否合乎规范。

2、改错歌诀

现将本书编写者总结的短文改错歌诀提供给大家，希望有所帮助。

短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。

名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”“多”“少”。

动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。

连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。

介词多半搭配，多漏误用想周到。

句法涉及到“一致”^①，从句多考关系词。

词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。

“1126”惯常比^②，回读复查敲定稿。

注：①“一致”：包括主谓一致，代词及相应的限定词在数、性、称方面的一致，主语与主语补语，宾语和宾语补语的一致等。 ②“1126”：指的是通常10个题项有一处是正确的，一处（或两处）属多余，两处（或一处）需补加成分，6处需更改。当然，此非“定势”，仅作参考。

三、精典范例

1. __________

2. __________

3. __________

4. __________

5. __________

6. __________

7. __________

8. __________

9. __________

10. _________

The day before the speech contest（比赛）English teacher

 talked to me. She saide that she and my schoolmate all

wished me success, but it didn’t matter that I would

win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so

nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people

present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in

the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered

 her words and calm down, I did a good jobm and won the first

 prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.

Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher.

解析

1. my English。该题考查代词，绝大部分考生知道English teacher前少一个词语，但很多人都误加上了our, an或the,而后面两次出现my English teacher，因而本题实际考查学生对文章内容的理解。

2.  schoolmate → schoolmates。schoolmate应为复数形式。

3. that → whether。whether与后面的or not相呼应。

4. 正确。

5. as → that。把as 改成that，组成so … that结构。

6. a去掉。catch sight of是固定短语。

7．but → and 。意义的转折用but,意思并列用and。

8. calm → calmed。remembered和calmed是对应的。

9. is → are。主语用and 连接，谓语动词用are。

10. often去掉。often多余。

【例2】（2004年全国卷I）

1. __________

2. __________

3. __________

I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would             

describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates,

it seems always difficult for me to do things well as

4. __________

5. __________

6. __________

7. __________

8. __________

9. __________

10. _________

a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.

Besides, I have few friends. I don’t know that they

don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other

very well in class, but after class we become stranger at

once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t

seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do?

Yours,

Xiao Mei.

解析：

1.of改为from      解析：自己“来自于”小镇。

2.quietly改为quiet      解析：与shy并列。

3.well前加as     解析：as…as原级比较。

4.to改为a     解析：Iaugh at sb.，嘲笑某人。

5.正确

6.that改为why    解析：我知道他们不喜欢同我谈话，但我不知道为什么。

7.talked改为talk  解析：整个短文谈的是现在的事。
8.stranger改为strangers。

9.since改为but   解析：表转折，而不是原因或时间状语。

10.去掉about   解析：Tell 可接双宾语。

【例3】

1. __________

2. __________

3. __________

4. __________

5. __________

6. __________

7. __________

8. __________

9. __________

10. _________

On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to

do over a weekend. I am thinking of making a trip

to London, and visit the British Museum and some

parks. But I have spent most my money, so I cannot

even go out of town. I may go to a film, or a concert.

Yes, a concert can be very excited. You can watch your

Stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a

Concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. I have

Some records giving to me as birthday gifts. If I listen

To my own records, there are no need to spend money.

All right. That’s what I’m going to do.

解析：

1.去掉myself     解析：want可直接接不定式做宾语。

2.将a 改为the    解析：特指即将到来的周末。

3.visit 改为visiting  解析：与上行的making并列，同做of的宾语。

4.most后加of  解析；表部分与整体。

5.正确。

6.excited改为exciting  解析：应该是令人兴奋，而不是感到兴奋。

7.So改为But  解析：前文说音乐会的好处，下文说花很多钱，是转折关系。

8.cost改为costs  解析：第三人称单数形式。

9.giving改为given  解析：过去分词做定语，表被动和完成。

10.are改为is  解析：need是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。